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Sex and Social Justice, by Martha C. Nussbaum
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What does it mean to respect the dignity of a human being? What sort of support do human capacities demand from the world, and how should we think about this support when we encounter differences of gender or sexuality? How should we think about each other across divisions that a legacy of injustice has created? In Sex and Social Justice, Martha Nussbaum delves into these questions and emerges with a distinctive conception of feminism that links feminist inquiry closely to the important progress that has been made during the past few decades in articulating theories of both national and global justice.
Growing out of Nussbaum's years of work with an international development agency connected with the United Nations, this collection charts a feminism that is deeply concerned with the urgent needs of women who live in hunger and illiteracy, or under unequal legal systems. Offering an internationalism informed by development economics and empirical detail, many essays take their start from the experiences of women in developing countries. Nussbaum argues for a universal account of human capacity and need, while emphasizing the essential role of knowledge of local circumstance. Further chapters take on the pursuit of social justice in the sexual sphere, exploring the issue of equal rights for lesbians and gay men.
Nussbaum's arguments are shaped by her work on Aristotle and the Stoics and by the modern liberal thinkers Kant and Mill. She contends that the liberal tradition of political thought holds rich resources for addressing violations of human dignity on the grounds of sex or sexuality, provided the tradition transforms itself by responsiveness to arguments concerning the social shaping of preferences and desires. She challenges liberalism to extend its tradition of equal concern to women, always keeping both agency and choice as goals. With great perception, she combines her radical feminist critique of sex relations with an interest in the possibilities of trust, sympathy, and understanding.
Sex and Social Justice will interest a wide readership because of the public importance of the topics Nussbaum addresses and the generous insight she shows in dealing with these issues. Brought together for this timely collection, these essays, extensively revised where previously published, offer incisive political reflections by one of our most important living philosophers.
- Sales Rank: #728198 in eBooks
- Published on: 2000-08-24
- Released on: 2000-08-24
- Format: Kindle eBook
Amazon.com Review
"Human beings have a dignity that deserves respect from laws and social institutions. This idea has many origins in many traditions; by now it is at the core of modern liberal democratic thought and practice all over the world. The idea of human dignity is usually taken to involve an idea of equal worth: rich and poor, rural and urban, female and male, all are equally deserving of respect, just in virtue of being human, and this respect should not be abridged on account of a characteristic that is distributed by the whims of fortune."
But in the world we live in, notes classicist and law professor Martha C. Nussbaum, gender and sexual orientation are used routinely as excuses to violate human dignity. In 15 deftly written essays that are as accessible as they are erudite, she makes a convincing argument for viewing feminism and gay-rights activism as two facets of the same movement, a movement that has legitimate roots in the writings of philosophers like Kant and Mill (as well as the ancient Greeks). Whether she's discussing issues as concrete as Colorado's attempts to pass legislation that discriminated against homosexuals and the contemporary debate over female genital mutilation, or as abstract as the social construction of desire, Nussbaum writes with a thoroughness and clarity that help the reader better to imagine a society in which true equality for all people could be achieved. --Ron Hogan
From Publishers Weekly
Among academic stars, Nussbaum (Love's Knowledge) is one of the brightest. She combines her formidable erudition with meaningful experience beyond the ivory tower and an ability to synthesize her reading, her thinking and her experience in prose that is remarkably clear given the density of the content and the rigor of her thinking. A professor of law and ethics at the University of Chicago, she presents an admirably objective and insightful work on gender inequality, drawing from her experience as a researcher with the World Institute for Development Economics Research (an agency connected with the U.N.). This book, parts of which have appeared in professional journals and magazines such as the New Republic, leaves no issue unexamined, from pornography, genital mutilation and prostitution to the effects of religion on women's rights and the conflicts caused by the biological differences between the sexes. There's also an extensive section on gay and lesbian rights, illuminating their connection to feminist platforms, and a chapter on the effect of ancient Greek norms on modern sexual controversies. Drawing on writings throughout history, Nussbaum presents conflicting theories and current thinking while bringing her own insights to each topic. With a balance of contemporary radical critiques, ancient philosophy and political liberalism, Nussbaum ultimately makes a persuasive argument that feminism can be reconciled with the traditions of classical liberalism. Nussbaum is not a popularizer; she's a deep thinker, and one of the best. With its remarkable scholarship and comprehensive research, this work is both the ultimate primer on, and a major advance in, feminist thought.
Copyright 1998 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Library Journal
In these essays, Nussbaum (Ernst Freund Professor of Law and Ethics, Univ. of Chicago) conceptualizes a "feminism that is internationalist, humanist, liberal, concerned with the social shaping of preference and desire, and concerned with sympathetic understanding." Drawing on extensive fieldwork with an international agency affiliated with the United Nations, she offers compelling examples to illustrate her philosophical arguments about issues such as international women's human rights and cultural universalism. Each of the 15 essays is rigorously argued and challenges existing mindsets. For example, in "Taking Money for Bodily Services," Nussbaum observes that "we all do things with parts of our bodies, for which we receive a wage in return" and suggests that the stigmatization of prostitution is based more on class prejudice and gender stereotypes than on rational defenses. Nussbaum has authored numerous journal articles and books, most recently Sex, Preferences, and Family (Oxford Univ., 1996). Essential for women's studies collections.?Linda V. Carlisle, Southern Illinois Univ., Edwardsville
Copyright 1998 Reed Business Information, Inc.
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Martha Nussbaum has written other works, focusing on philosophy ...
By Lance
Martha Nussbaum has written other works, focusing on philosophy, ancient Greek and Roman works, feminism, and politics (Nussbaum, 1999). Martha is an American philosopher and is a professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago (Nussbaum, 2004). She has also written other works such as Cultivating Humanity, Hiding from Humanity and Frontiers of Justice (Nussbaum, 2004). Martha is also very prestigious in holding 50 honorary degrees in colleges and universities in the Untied States as well as Asia, Africa, and Europe (Nussbaum, 2004). She also has been awarded several writing and recognition awards (Nussbaum, 2004). She demonstrates and go into detail on how sex has the ability to define the human race. She proposes functional freedoms, or central human capabilities, as a rubric of social justice. She obtained her information from Catharine MacKinnon's, Kathryn Trevenen, and Andrea Dworkin. The attended audience for this book is anyone who is interested in sex and the meaning behind it. In my personal opinion I would deem this book a success, the author gets her points across, and the book is very interesting because it is so intimate.
14 of 17 people found the following review helpful.
A Hope For Global Justice
By A Customer
This is what all philosophy should be--tightly argued, clearly written, and deeply moving. Nussbaum (and Amartya Sen's) capabilities approach offers promise in taking on problems of distributive justice and human rights. Nussbaum deserves praise for unflinchingly shining the moral spotlight upon all institutions--from the family to the nation-state--a project unsatisfactorily handled by some brands of liberalism. I eagerly await Nussbaum's next book.
97 of 97 people found the following review helpful.
Just To Be Fair
By Nathan Foell
I decided to write this review just to be fair to anyone who is thinking about reading this book. I say this because the reviews I read of the book that were posted were severely misleading and unnecessarily harsh. So I will first of all respond to some of the misguided criticisms of the book that you will find in the other reviews, and then present my view on the book. First of all, no the author does not discuss discrimination against children or the elderly. Why would this make her book bad? She is dealing with SPECIFIC issues, like issues of justice relating to gender and sexual orientation. These issues are certainly large enough in scope and importance to justify their own treatment in a book, there is no reason why a discussion of every conceivable type of discrimination should also be included. The issues of discrimination against the young, the elderly, and the religious are important, but there are numerous books out there on those issues if someone wants to read them. It is unfair to say that this particular book should have to address them, it already runs 550 or so pages, that should be enough.
Also, someone complained that the author takes a purely male - centered perspective on the issues, and thus could not possibly be a feminist. I must confess I don't think you honestly read the book if you think that. She gives REASONS as to why her perspective is right and is feminist as well. There is no reason why rationality is a peculiarly male preoccupation, and I think that to intonate that is sexist in and of itself, because the conclusion seems to be that women are not reasoned creatures like men are, and that is a view women have been struggling against for centuries. Basically, the important thing is that there can be disagreement about the issue of how important rationality is to ethics, and that is certainly legitimate, but it is unfair and nothing more than ad hominem argumentation to say that someone cannot dispute the supposition that rationality is not important to ethics and still remain an important philosopher or feminist.
Finally, someone complained that this book is not "philosophy," because it pertains to political and social issues and is not well argued. The book is obviously well reasoned, and Nussbaum is an eminently respected philosopher. More importantly though, if philosophers don't deal with political and social issues, who should? Should we leave that up to politicians, because they obviously care and know about the issues? It seems to me that someone should do some serious thinking about political issues, and I see no reason why it should not be philosophers, who generally have a reputation for clarity and calm rationality. This is nothing more than someone's bias about what is most important for philosophers to discuss, and you can have your bias, that is fine, but you shouldn't tell people not to read this book because you don't like the subject matter. If anything, that should cause you to NOT review the book, because you should be uninterested in the subject matter.
In sum, this book was very well and calmly argued, unlike the reviews of it posted here. Nussbaum does not bow down to current fads like cultural and ethical relativism, or a care - centered feminist ethics. I thought when reading it that this might cause some controversy and anger, but I anticipated nothing like what I have seen in these reviews. She sheds light on important issues of global and national policy, and does so without abandoning reasoned argumentation, which if nothing else seems to be what philosophy should be about. Beyond making an excellent contribution to metaethics and international development policy, she has wonderful essays about the role of retribution in the law and what we can glean philosophically from important works of literature, for example there is an essay on the work of Virginia Wolf. I would recommend this book to you if you would like a well - rounded introduction to the thought of one of the most important philosophers of our time, and if you are interested in any of the issues I just mentioned.
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